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Reputation-based system
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== Definition == A '''reputation-based system''' (also called a '''reputation system''') is a [[system]] that "formalizes the process of [[data gathering|gathering]], [[data aggregation|aggregating]], and [[distributing]] [[information]] about individuals' past behavior."<ref>[[Public Response to Alerts and Warnings Using Social Media: Report of a Workshop on Current Knowledge and Research Gaps]], at 34.</ref> == Overview == Such systems have three principal functions: * Inform participants about other participants, to help them determine if a particular participant is [[trustworthy]]. * Create an incentive for good behavior. If participants know that they will be rated and that the rating is publicly available, they are more likely to provide [[accurate]] [[information]] (e.g., product listings), good service, and so on. * Provide a selection effect. If participants know that good behavior will be noticed and rewarded, they are more likely to join the [[system]]. Similarly, would-be [[malicious]] participants will know that any incompetence or deliberate [[disruption]] will be made public — a [[deterrent]] to misbehavior. Such systems typically shows one of the two following main structure models (a compromise between these two extremes is also possible): * '''Centralized model:''' a central authority collects [[reputation score]]s (from other entities and using other sources such as its own observation), typically processes them to form an [[aggregate]]d [[reputation score]] for a given entity, and then redistributes this [[reputation score]] for use by other entities. [[Online]] trading and market communities use this model. * '''Decentralized model:''' the entities participating in the community share the [[reputation]] [[information]], without the need for a central repository. This model is more suitable for [[network]]s that are decentralized by nature, such as [[peer-to-peer]] and [[autonomic system]]s. It also allows [[peer]]s to assign different [[trust]] values to different sources of [[reputation score]]s. There are also several types of reputation-based systems, including: * [[Subjective reputation system]]s * [[Objective reputation system]]s, and * [[Hybrid reputation system]]s. {{Quote|[R]eputation systems rely on voluntary investment of time and energy to provide ratings and may therefore be gamed or simply skewed toward participants with strong views and available time to participate, providing potentially inaccurate or at least unrepresentative [[data]].<ref>[[Information Technology and the U.S. Workforce: Where Are We and Where Do We Go from Here?]], at 33.</ref>}} == References == <references /> == Sources == * [[Public Response to Alerts and Warnings Using Social Media: Report of a Workshop on Current Knowledge and Research Gaps]], at 34-35. * [[Reputation-based Systems: A Security Analysis]], at 5-7. [[Category:Internet]] [[Category:E-commerce]] [[Category:Definition]]
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