U.S. federal courts[]
Rule 12(f) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides that
“ | the court may order stricken from any pleading any insufficient defense or any redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous matter. | ” |
"Immaterial matter is that which has no essential or important relationship to the claim of relief" and "[i]mpertinent matter consists of statements that do not pertain, and are not necessary, to the issues in question."[1]
"The function of a 12(f) motion to strike is to avoid the expenditure of time and money that must arise from litigatin spurious issues by dispensing with those issues prior to trial."[2]