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| − | '''Information privacy''' refers to those aspects of [[privacy |
+ | '''Information privacy''' refers to those aspects of [[privacy]] law that involves the right of individuals to determine when, how and to what extent they choose to share [[personal information]] about themselves with others. |
In the United States there is no comprehensive legal protection for [[personal information]]. The [[U.S. Constitution]] protects the [[privacy]] of [[personal information]] in a limited number of ways, and extends only to the protection of the individual against government intrusions. However, many of the threats to the [[privacy]] of [[personal information]] occur in the private sector. Any limitations placed on the [[data processing]] activities of the private sector will be found not in the [[U.S. Constitution|Constitution]] but in federal or state law. |
In the United States there is no comprehensive legal protection for [[personal information]]. The [[U.S. Constitution]] protects the [[privacy]] of [[personal information]] in a limited number of ways, and extends only to the protection of the individual against government intrusions. However, many of the threats to the [[privacy]] of [[personal information]] occur in the private sector. Any limitations placed on the [[data processing]] activities of the private sector will be found not in the [[U.S. Constitution|Constitution]] but in federal or state law. |
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Revision as of 03:10, 27 March 2008
Information privacy refers to those aspects of privacy law that involves the right of individuals to determine when, how and to what extent they choose to share personal information about themselves with others.
In the United States there is no comprehensive legal protection for personal information. The U.S. Constitution protects the privacy of personal information in a limited number of ways, and extends only to the protection of the individual against government intrusions. However, many of the threats to the privacy of personal information occur in the private sector. Any limitations placed on the data processing activities of the private sector will be found not in the Constitution but in federal or state law.
There is no comprehensive federal privacy statute that protects personal information held by both the public sector and the private sector. The Privacy Act of 1974 protects the privacy of personal information collected by the federal government. The private sector’s collection and disclosure of personal information has been addressed by Congress on a sector-by-sector basis and/or that focus on particular types of information. These federal laws include the:
- Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984
- CAN-SPAM Act of 2003
- Children's Online Privacy Protection Act of 1998 (COPPA)
- Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988
- Driver's Privacy Protection Act of 1994
- Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA)
- Employee Polygraph Protection Act of 1988
- Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 (FACTA)
- Fair Credit Reporting Act of 1970 (FCRA)
- Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974
- Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (GLB)
- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPPA)
- Identity Theft and Assumption Deterrence Act of 1998
- Privacy Protection Act of 1980
- Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991
- Video Voyeurism Prevention Act of 2004
- Video Privacy Protection Act of 1988
Other federal laws that impact privacy relate to criminal or national security issues, including the:
- Bank Secrecy Act of 1970
- Communications Assistances for Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (CALEA)
- Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978
- Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996
- USA-PATRIOT Act of 2001