Citation[]
Center for Strategic and International Studies, Cybersecurity and Cyberwarfare. Preliminary Assessment of National Doctrine and Organization (2011) (full-text).
Overview[]
Using open-source literature, the authors reviewed policies and organizations in 133 states to determine how they are organized to deal with cybersecurity, whether they have a military command or doctrine for cyber activities, and whether they have or plan to acquire offensive cyber capabilities.
The authors found that:
- 33 states include cyberwarfare in their military planning and organization.
- 36 states have had no public discussion of a military role in cyberspace and where civilian agencies charged with internal security missions, computer security or law enforcement are responsible for cybersecurity.