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== Definition == === U.S. government === '''Information resources management''' ('''IRM''') is {{Quote|the process of managing [[information resources]] to accomplish agency missions and to improve agency performance, including through the reduction of [[information collection]] burdens on the public.<ref>44 U.S.C. §3502(7).</ref>}} "The term encompasses both [[information]] itself and the related resources, such as personnel, equipment, funds, and [[IT]]."<ref>[[The Common Approach to Federal Enterprise Architecture]], at 46 (Terms and Definitions).</ref> == Overview == IRM is a philosophical and practical approach to managing government information. Information is regarded as a valuable resource which should be managed like any other resource, and should contribute directly to accomplishing organizational goals and objectives. IRM provides an [[integrated]] view for managing the entire lifecycle of [[information]], from generation, to [[dissemination]], to [[archive|archiving]] and/or destruction, in order to maximize the overall usefulness of the [[information]], and improving service delivery and program management. == U.S. government == Since l980, federal law has placed the management of [[IT]] under the umbrella of IRM. Originating in a l977 recommendation to [[Congress]] from the [[Commission on Federal Paperwork]], the IRM approach was first enacted into law in the [[Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980]]. This act required the [[Office of Management and Budget]] ([[OMB]]) to oversee federal agency IRM areas, which combined [[IT]] with [[information management]] areas, including [[Data collection|information collection]], [[records management]], and [[privacy]].<ref>The Act required [[OMB]] to oversee the [[acquisition]] and use of [[automatic data processing]] and [[telecommunications]] equipment (which later came to be known as [[IT]]).</ref> The law also gave agencies a more general responsibility to carry out their IRM activities in an [[efficient]], [[effective]], and economical manner and to comply with [[OMB]] [[policies]] and [[guidelines]]. To assist in this effort, the law required that each agency head designate a senior official who would report directly to the agency head to carry out the IRM responsibilities of the agency under the law. Amendments to the Paperwork Reduction Act in 1986<ref>Title VIII, Pub. L. No. 99-591 (Oct. 30, 1986).</ref> and [[Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995|1995]]<ref>Pub. L. No. 104-13 (May 22, 1995).</ref> were designed to strengthen agency and [[OMB]] [[implementation]] of the law. Most particularly, the Act’s 1995 amendments provided detailed agency requirements for each IRM area, to match the specific [[OMB]] provisions.<ref>44 U.S.C. §3506.</ref> In addition, these amendments required agencies to develop, for the first time, processes to select, control, and evaluate the results of major [[information system]]s initiatives.<ref>''Id.'' §3506(h)(5).</ref> Under the [[Paperwork Reduction Act]], as amended through 1995, senior IRM officials were required to carry out the responsibilities of their agencies with respect to IRM and report directly to the head of the agency. The [[Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996]] supplemented the [[information technology]] management provisions of the [[Paperwork Reduction Act]] with detailed requirements for [[IT]] capital planning and investment control and performance and results-based management.<ref>40 U.S.C. §§11312, 11313.</ref> The [[Clinger-Cohen Act]] also established the position of agency [[CIO]] by amending the [[Paperwork Reduction Act]] to rename the senior IRM officials “[[chief information officer]]s” and specifying additional responsibilities for them.<ref>''Id.'' §11315; 44 U.S.C. §3506(a). The [[Clinger-Cohen Act]] requirement that agency [[CIO]]s have IRM as their primary duty applies to the 24 major departments and agencies listed in 31 U.S.C. §901(b). The [[E-Government Act of 2002]] reiterated agency responsibility for information resources management. Pub. L. No. 107-347 (Dec. 17, 2002).</ref> Accordingly, agency [[CIO]]s are required by law to carry out the responsibilities of their agencies with respect to * [[information collection]] and control of paperwork; * [[information dissemination]]; * statistical policy and coordination; * [[records management]]; * [[privacy]], including compliance with the [[Privacy Act of 1974]]; * [[information security]], including compliance with the [[Federal Information Security Management Act]] ([[FISMA]]); * [[information disclosure]], including compliance with the [[Freedom of Information Act]] ([[FOIA]]); and * [[information technology management]]. Specifically, with regard to [[IT]] management, the [[CIO]] is responsible for: * [[implement]]ing and enforcing applicable government-wide and agency [[IT]] management policies, principles, [[standard]]s, and guidelines; * assuming responsibility and [[accountability]] for [[IT]] investments; * assuming responsibility for maximizing the value and assessing and managing the [[risk]]s of [[IT]] [[acquisition]]s through a process that, among other things, is [[integrated]] with budget, financial, and [[program management]] decisions, and provides for the selection, management, and evaluation of [[IT]] investments; * establishing goals for improving the [[efficiency]] and [[effectiveness]] of agency operations through the [[effective]] use of [[IT]]; * developing, [[maintain]]ing, and facilitating the [[implementation]] of a sound, [[secure]], and [[integrated]] [[IT]] [[architecture]]; and * monitoring the performance of IT programs and advising the agency head whether to continue, modify, or terminate such programs. Together, these statutory responsibilities require [[CIO]]s to be key leaders in managing [[IT]] and other [[information]] functions in a coordinated fashion in order to improve the [[efficiency]] and [[effectiveness]] of programs and operations. == References == <references /> [[Category:Data]] [[Category:Definition]] [[Category:Technology]]
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